Biography of sheikh muhammad bin uthman

Uthman is related to Muhammad through his mother, who was the first cousin of Muhammad and made Uthman his first cousin's son. His father died at a young age while on a caravan travel , leaving Uthman with a large inheritance. He brilliantly invested the wealth in trade and became a highly successful merchant, making him one the wealthiest people from the Quraysh.

On returning from a business trip to Syria in , Uthman learned of Muhammad's declared mission. Uthman thus became one of the earliest converts to Islam , following Ali , Zayd , Abu Bakr and a few others. His conversion to Islam angered his uncle who strongly opposed Muhammad's teachings. Uthman and his wife, Ruqayya, migrated to Abyssinia modern Ethiopia in April , along with ten Muslim men and three women.

Scores of Muslims joined them later. After four years, the news spread among the Muslims in Abyssinia that the Quraysh of Mecca had accepted Islam, and this acceptance persuaded Uthman, Ruqayya and 39 Muslims to return. However, when they reached Mecca, they found that the news about the Quraysh's acceptance of Islam was false. Nevertheless, Uthman and Ruqayya re-settled in Mecca.

In , Uthman and his wife, Ruqayya, were among the third group of Muslims to migrate to Medina. Upon arrival, Uthman stayed with Abu Talha ibn Thabit before moving into the house he purchased a short time later. Uthman was one of the richest merchants of Mecca, with no need of financial help from his Ansari brothers, as he had brought the considerable fortune he had amassed with him to Medina.

Most Muslims of Medina were farmers with little interest in trade, and Jews had conducted most trading in the town. Uthman realized there was a considerable commercial opportunity to promote trade among Muslims and soon established himself as a trader in Medina. With hard work and honesty, his business flourished, making him one of the richest men in Medina.

Across the Muslim world, Uthman is known by his honorific title "Ghani" that translates to "exceedingly generous" which was bestowed upon him for his remarkable donations towards helping those in need and for the cause of Islam. When Ali married Fatima , Uthman bought Ali's shield for five hundred dirhams. Four hundred was set aside as mahr dower for Fatimah's marriage, leaving a hundred for all other expenses.

Later, Uthman presented the armour back to Ali as a wedding present. Uthman participated in all major battles which took place in the early period of Islam except for Badr and that too because the Prophet of Islam commanded him to stay back and tend to his wife who was unwell at the time. Furthermore, during the campaigns of Ghatafan and Dhat al-Riqa the Prophet of Islam left Uthman in charge of Madinah when the Muslim army ventured out of the city.

In , the year Muhammad died, Uthman participated in the Farewell Pilgrimage. Uthman had a very close relationship with Abu Bakr, as it was due to him that Uthman had converted to Islam. When Abu Bakr was selected as the caliph, Uthman was the first person after Umar to offer his allegiance. On his deathbed, Abu Bakr dictated his will to Uthman, saying that his successor was to be Umar.

Umar, on his deathbed formed a committee of six people, all from the Muhajirun early Meccan converts , to choose the next caliph from amongst themselves. According to Yaqoubi history, Umar appointed Abu Talha Ansari to this task and said: If four people gave an opinion and two disagreed, behead those two, and if three agreed and three disagreed, the three people whom Abd al-Rahman is not among them, behead them, and if three days passed and they didn't reach an agreement on anyone, behead them all".

Yaqoubi further adds that many negotiations took place in these three days and the result was hesitant between Ali and Uthman. Abd al-Rahman asked Ali: If we pledge allegiance to you, would you be willing to follow the Book of God Quran and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah and behave in the manner of the two previous caliphs Umar and Abu Bakr?

Abd al-Rahman asked the same question to Uthman and Uthman answered positively and accepted all the conditions and therefore he became the caliph. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd ibn Thabit to use caliph Abu Bakr 's copy and prepare a standardised version of the Quran. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, with the other versions ordered to be burnt by Uthman.

Biography of sheikh muhammad bin uthman

Uthman was a shrewd businessman and a successful trader from his youth, which contributed greatly to the Rashidun Caliphate. Umar had placed a ban on the sale of lands and the purchase of agricultural lands in conquered territories. Uthman also permitted people to draw loans from the public treasury. Under Umar, it had been laid down as a policy that the lands in conquered territories were not to be distributed among the combatants, but were to remain the property of the previous owners.

The army felt dissatisfied at this decision, but Umar suppressed the opposition with a strong hand. Uthman followed the policy devised by Umar and there were more conquests, and the revenues from land increased considerably. Umar had been very strict in the use of money from the public treasury—indeed, apart from the meagre allowance that had been sanctioned in his favour, Umar took no money from the treasury.

He did not receive any gifts, nor did he allow any of his family members to accept any gifts from any quarter. During the time of Uthman, these restrictions were relaxed. Although Uthman still drew no personal allowance from the treasury, nor did he receive a salary , as he was a wealthy man with sufficient resources of his own, but, unlike Umar, Uthman accepted gifts and allowed his family members to do likewise from certain quarters.

The economic reforms introduced by Uthman had far-reaching effects; Muslims, as well as non-Muslims of the Rashidun Empire, enjoyed an economically prosperous life during his reign. Byzantine Empire. Sassanid Persia. The Levant. North Africa. Sicily and Southern Italy. During his rule, Uthman's military-style was more autonomical in nature as he delegated much military authority to his trusted kinsmen—e.

Consequently, this more independent policy allowed more expansion until Sindh, in modern Pakistan , which had not been touched during the tenure of Umar. Muawiyah I had been appointed the governor of Syria by Umar in to stop Byzantine harassment from the sea during the Arab-Byzantine Wars. He succeeded his elder brother Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan , who died in a plague, along with Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah , the governor before him, and 25, other people.

Now under Uthman's rule in , Muawiyah was allowed to set up a navy, manned by Monophysitic Christians , Copts , and Jacobite Syrian Christian sailors and Muslim troops, which defeated the Byzantine navy at the Battle of the Masts in , opening up the Mediterranean. In Hijri year 15 c. Records from al-Bidayah wal Nihayah state that Abdullah's troops were completely surrounded by Gregory's army.

However, Abdullah ibn Zubayr spotted Gregory in his chariot and asked Abdullah ibn Sa'ad to lead a small detachment to intercept him. The interception was successful, and Gregory was slain by Zubayr's ambush party. Consequently, the morale of Byzantine army started crumbling and soon they were routed. Some Muslim sources Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari [ 51 ] claim that after the conquest of northern Africa was completed, Abdullah ibn Sa'd continued to Spain.

Other prominent Muslim historians , like Ibn Kathir , [ 52 ] have quoted the same narration. In the description of this campaign, two of Abdullah ibn Saad's generals, Abdullah ibn Nafiah ibn Husain, and Abdullah ibn Nafi' ibn Abdul Qais, were ordered to invade the coastal areas of Spain by sea , aided by a Berber force. They allegedly succeeded in conquering the coastal areas of Al-Andalus.

It is not known where the Muslim force landed, what resistance they met, and what parts of Spain they actually conquered. However, it is clear that the Muslims did conquer some portion of Spain during the caliphate of Uthman, presumably establishing colonies on its coast. On this occasion, Uthman is reported to have addressed a letter to the invading force:.

Constantinople will be conquered from the side of Al-Andalus. Thus, if you conquer it, you will have the honor of taking the first step towards the conquest of Constantinople. You will have your reward in this behalf both in this world and the next. Although raids by Berbers and Muslims were conducted against the Visigothic Kingdom in Spain during the late 7th century, there is no evidence that Spain was invaded nor that parts of it were conquered or settled by Muslims prior to the campaign by Tariq.

Abdullah ibn Saad also achieved success in the Caliphate's first decisive naval battle against the Byzantine Empire , the Battle of the Masts. To the east, Ahnaf ibn Qais , chief of Banu Tamim and a veteran commander who conquered Shustar earlier, launched a series of further military expansions by further mauling Yazdegerd III near Oxus River in Turkmenistan [ 54 ] [ 55 ] and later crushing a military coalition of Sassanid loyalists and Hephthalite Empire in the Siege of Herat.

It was the first time that western Balochistan had come directly under the laws of the Caliphate and it paid an agricultural tribute. The military campaigns under Uthman's rule were generally successful, except for a few in the kingdom of Nubia, on the lower Nile. Noting an increase in anti-government tension around the Caliphate, Uthman's administration decided to determine its origins, extent, and aims.

Some time around , Uthman called all twelve provincial governors to Medina to discuss the problem. During this Council of Governors, Uthman ordered that all resolutions of the council be adopted according to local circumstances. Later, in the Majlis al Shurah council of ministers , it was suggested to Uthman that reliable agents be sent to various provinces to attempt to determine the source of the discontent.

The agents sent to Kufa, Basra and Syria reported that all was well—the people were generally satisfied with the administration, although some individuals had minor personal grievances. Ammar ibn Yasir, the emissary to Egypt, however, did not return to Medina. Rebels there had been issuing propaganda in favour of making Ali caliph. Ammar ibn Yasir, who had been affiliated with Ali, abandoned Uthman for the Egyptian opposition.

Abdullah ibn Saad, the governor of Egypt, reported about the opposition's activities instead. In , Uthman directed those with any grievance against the administration, as well as the governors and "Amils" throughout the caliphate, to assemble at Mecca for the Hajj, promising that all legitimate grievances would be redressed. Accordingly, large delegations from various cities came to present their grievances before the gathering.

The rebels realized that the people in Mecca supported Uthman and were not inclined to listen to them. It is said, according to Sunni Muslim accounts, that before returning to Syria, the governor Muawiyah , Uthman's cousin, suggested that Uthman should come with him to Syria as the atmosphere there was peaceful. Uthman rejected his offer, saying that he did not want to leave the city of Muhammad viz.

Muawiyah then suggested that he be allowed to send a strong force from Syria to Medina to guard Uthman against any possible attempt by rebels to harm him. Uthman rejected it too, saying that the Syrian forces in Medina would be an incitement to civil war , and he could not be party to such a move. His father died before Islam i-e pre-Islamic period.

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Kano, Kano, Nigeria. PhD Aqeedah Creed. A lecturer based in Osogbo, Nigeria. Oshogbo, Osun, Nigeria. PhD in Islamic Law. Dr Mansur Isa Yelwa is from Bauchi. Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. A Islamic Jurispudence.