Melero pinochet biography

DINA served as the central pillar of Pinochet's power. It actively eliminated all leftist opposition to his regime in Chile, and Contreras assigned agents to spy on other military commanders and intimidate anyone who challenged Pinochet's authority. Through executive decrees Pinochet bestowed on DINA the authority to establish a virtual monopoly over repression in Chile.

Officially, DINA fell under the jurisdiction of the military junta. In reality, Contreras reported only to—and only took orders from—General Pinochet. United States intelligence agents reported: "The President issues instructions on DINA; is aware of its activities; and, in fact, heads it" Kornbluh, , p. Pinochet's secret police not only carried out vicious acts of repression at home, but also sought to dispose of opponents of his regime abroad.

The bomb also killed Prats's wife. In November Colonel Contreras decided to coordinate efforts with the military regimes of other Southern Cone countries to track down and eliminate dissidents in exile; he invited intelligence officials from Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia to come to Santiago and establish what he called an "Interpol against subversion in Latin America.

Operation Condor quickly became the most sinister state-sponsored terrorist network in the Western Hemisphere, if not the world. In coordination with neighboring military governments, the Pinochet regime implemented surveillance, kidnappings, brutal interrogations, and the secret detention of political opponents in the Southern Cone, Europe, and even the United States.

United States intelligence agencies eventually learned that "a third and reportedly very secret phase of 'Operation Condor' involves the formation of special teams from member countries who are to carry out operations to include assassinations" Kornbluh, , p. In September , with the assistance of Paraguay, agents of DINA traveled to the United States to undertake what has become the best known Condor plot: the car-bombing assassination of Pinochet's leading critic-in-exile, former Chilean Ambassador Orlando Letelier.

That September 21, , car bombing in downtown Washington, D. Within a week of the assassination, the FBI reported that it had probably been the work of Operation Condor. In the spring of , when the U. Justice Department presented the Chilean military government with clear evidence of DINA's role in the car bombing, General Pinochet personally took the lead in covering up the crime and obstructing U.

Pinochet, the CIA reported, "has manipulated the Supreme Court judges and now is satisfied that the court will reject extradition of any Chileans indicted" Kornbluh, , p. Up to the point of the Letelier-Moffitt assassination, General Pinochet had enjoyed positive relations with the United States. In a private meeting in June , Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said to Pinochet: "[I]n the United States, as you know, we are sympathetic with what you are trying to do here.

We want to help, not undermine, you" Kornbluh, , p. After the assassination, however, President Jimmy Carter held Pinochet at arms length and openly pressed the regime to improve its human rights record. Initially, the Reagan administration supported General Pinochet as a forceful anticommunist ally and a kindred spirit in the furtherance of free-market economic policies.

But by the mids, when the Chilean economy suffered a severe recession and the left wing of that nation began to reemerge as a significant political force despite continuing repression, the United States moved to support what the State Department called a "real and orderly transition to democracy. In an effort to extend his dictatorship through to the end of the twentieth century, Pinochet called a plebiscite for October If a majority of Chileans voted "No" to Pinochet , new elections would be held in and the military would turn over power to a civilian president.

Although Pinochet expected to win, he developed a contingency plan that would go into effect if it appeared that he was losing. Pinochet would then institute a state of emergency and declare the election "invalid. The junta refused. The campaign of "No" won. General Pinochet turned over the presidency to a civilian leader, Patricio Aylwin, on March 11, Yet, he retained his powerful position as commander of the Chilean armed forces, a post from which he commanded the new civilian government not to pursue any prosecution of the human rights crimes that had been committed under his regime.

When Pinochet finally stepped down from the military command, in March , he assumed the title of Senador Vitalica Senator for Life , providing himself with additional legal immunity from prosecution inside Chile. Early judicial cases filed against Pinochet by the families of his victims failed to overcome the legal obstacles his regime had imposed on the Chilean court system.

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Melero pinochet biography

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Bawden, John R University of Alabama. Cooper, Marc Pinochet was able to do this because of his own abilities, but also because of the strength of discipline in the military, the inability of opposition leaders to agree on policy, and the fear of many Chileans that alternatives would be worse than his authoritarianism. These factors became subjects for increasing debate within the government, throughout Chile, and in the world press in when opposition leaders organized mass demonstrations against the regime's economic, political, and social programs.

Beginning in May of that year miners, students, workers, and dissident political leaders took to the streets to register their discontent. Pinochet used armed force to quell the demonstrations, then began talks aimed at political compromise. When talks stalled he again used strong-arm tactics, claiming as usual that politicians and Marxists were to blame for Chile's problems.

In Pinochet survived an attempted assassination with only minor injuries. But the international outcry against his alleged violations of human rights continued to grow louder. The new constitution that had been seven years in the making was ratified by plebiscite in Even though it was approved, the election was declared a fraud. The constitution called for Pinochet to serve another eight years.

This time actually permitted the opposition party to mount a successful campaign to remove him from office. He was able to retain power until free elections installed a new president, Patricio Alwyn on March 5, Although he abdicated his title as president, Pinochet remained on as commander in chief of the army. After stepping down as president, Pinochet devoted himself to modernizing and computerizing his beloved army.

Even at 80, he still saw himself as a force within Chilean society, very much in charge of the armed forces until his constitutionally forced retirement in March Pinochet's own version of his role in government can be found in his The Crucial Day Frederick M. Nunn's The Military in Chilean History provides information on the military and political background to Pinochet's rise to power.

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Augusto Pinochet Ugarte gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. Pinochet Ugarte , Augusto oxford. He led the military coup that overthrew Salvador Allende. Pinochet established a military dictatorship that enforced social control through routine torture and murder. In , he was forced to permit democratic elections and was succeeded as president by Patricio Aylwin in After 25 years in power, he was put under arrest, but died in , before he could be tried for alleged human rights violations.

A career army officer, he led the military coup overthrowing the Allende government in , establishing himself at the head of the ensuing military regime. In he enacted a constitution giving himself an eight-year presidential term — A plebiscite held in rejected his candidacy as president beyond , but he retained his post as commander-in-chief of the army until The arrest caused tension between U.

At the beginning of , Pinochet remained under house arrest in the U.