Psiquiatra de hugo chavez biography

Please see your browser settings for this feature. EMBED for wordpress. Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! By day a family man and a military officer, by night he secretly recruited insurgents to overthrow the government. His coup attempt failed, but laid the groundwork for his ascension to the presidency eight years later.

Venezuelan journalists Marcano and Barrera Tyszka explore the often crude public figure who condemns George W. Bush in fiery language but at the same time hires lobbyists to improve his country's image in the West. There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write a review. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Joe Biden.

Who Killed JFK? The First Family on Inauguration Day. Donald Trump. JD Vance. Jimmy Carter. Justin Trudeau. Hostility Toward the U. Officially, thirty-two civilians, police officers and soldiers were killed, [ 72 ] and fifty soldiers and some eighty civilians injured during the ensuing violence. Travelling around Latin America in search of foreign support for his Bolivarian movement, he visited Argentina , Uruguay , Chile, Colombia , and Cuba , where he met Castro and became friends with him.

He deviated from the usual words of the presidential oath when he took it, proclaiming: "I swear before God and my people that upon this moribund constitution I will drive forth the necessary democratic transformations so that the new republic will have a Magna Carta befitting these new times". His administration held formal talks with the International Monetary Fund until oil prices rose enough to let the government rule out the need for any financial assistance.

The plan involved 70, soldiers, sailors and members of the air force repairing roads and hospitals, removing stagnant water that offered breeding areas for disease-carrying mosquitoes, offering free medical care and vaccinations, and selling food at low prices. There was a low turnout of On 12 August , the new constituent assembly voted to give themselves the power to abolish government institutions and to dismiss officials who were perceived as corrupt or as operating only in their own interests.

The Supreme Court ruled that the assembly did indeed have this authority, and was replaced in the Constitution with the Supreme Tribunal of Justice. Seventy-two percent of those who voted approved of the new constitution. Previously, a sitting president could not run for reelection for 10 years after leaving office. It also replaced the bicameral Congress with a unicameral Legislative Assembly and gave the president the power to legislate on citizen rights, to promote military officers and to oversee economic and financial matters.

In June he separated from his wife Marisabel, and their divorce was finalised in January Under the new constitution, it was legally required that new elections be held in order to re-legitimize the government and president. This presidential election in July would be a part of a greater "megaelection", the first time in the country's history that the president, governors, national and regional congressmen, mayors and councilmen would be voted for on the same day.

Some of his supporters feared that he had alienated those in the middle class and the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy who had formerly supported him. In the ensuing decade, this would be increased to 90, barrels a day in exchange for 40, Cuban medics and teachers , dramatically aiding the Caribbean island's economy and standard of living after its " Special Period " of the s.

He commented that "They are not to blame for the terrorism of Osama bin Laden or anyone else", called on the American government to end "the massacre of the innocents", and describing the war as "fighting terrorism with terrorism. This move antagonized the opposition movement particularly strongly. PDVSA ran autonomously, making oil decisions based on internal guidance to increase profits.

PDVSA , could have joint control with private companies over industry. Parents noticed that such textbooks were really Cuban books filled with revolutionary propaganda outfitted with different covers. The protest movement, which was primarily by middle-class parents whose children went to privately run schools, marched to central Caracas shouting out the slogan Con mis hijos no te metas "Don't mess with my children".

PDVSA , whose replacement had been one of the reasons for the coup. Troop numbers were also increased. The constitution had introduced the concept of a recall referendum into Venezuelan politics, so the opposition called for such a referendum to take place. He used this new term to contrast the democratic socialism , which he wanted to promote in Latin America, from the Marxist—Leninist socialism that had been spread by socialist states like the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China during the 20th century, arguing that the latter had not been truly democratic, suffering from a lack of participatory democracy and an excessively authoritarian governmental structure.

The Mayor of London Ken Livingstone welcomed him, describing him as "the best news out of Latin America in many years. Party membership rose to 5. Other marches took place in Maracaibo and Valencia. Freedom of Expression". In , the Bolivarian government set up a constitutional commission to review the constitution and suggest potential amendments to be made to it.

The government put the suggested changes to a public referendum in December The opposition considers the affair as a corrupt case and spokespeople have assured that the public officials deliberately imported more food that could be distributed to embezzle funds through the import of subsidized supplies. The National Assembly president Diosdado Cabello proposed to postpone the inauguration and the Supreme Court decided that, being just another term of the sitting president and not the inauguration of a new one, the formality could be bypassed.

Venezuela's constitution specifies that the speaker of the National Assembly, Diosdado Cabello, should assume the interim presidency if a president cannot be sworn in. I am not communist, but I am not anti-communist. I believe that today's world, Latin America and the world to come require a leap forward. We are going beyond socialism and even savage capitalism.

Democracy is impossible in a capitalist system. Capitalism is the realm of injustice and a tyranny of the richest against the poorest. Rousseau said, 'Between the powerful and the weak all freedom is oppressed. Only the rule of law sets you free. I was having trouble interpreting the world. I was confused I spoke and wrote a lot about 'human capitalism'.

Today I am convinced that it is impossible I became convinced that socialism is the way. Various international Marxists supported his government, believing it to be a sign of proletariat revolution as predicted in Marxist theory. I am a Trotskyist', and I said, 'well, what is the problem? I am also a Trotskyist! I follow Trotsky's line, that of permanent revolution", and then cited Marx and Lenin.

In that direction we have to go all out. To cooperate is to socialize the economy, to give it a social content. I am sure that in Puerto Cruz, agricultural cooperatives will emerge. They hated him because he was a soldier. The need to unite to defend the interests of our people, of poor people against the abuse of rich people. The red line represents trends of annual rates given throughout the period shown.

The Gini coefficient , a measure of income inequality , dropped from. Economists say that the Venezuelan government's overspending on social programs and strict business policies caused to imbalances in the country's economy, contributing to rising inflation, poverty, low healthcare spending and shortages in Venezuela going into the final years of his presidency.

In the s and s, health and nutrition indexes in Venezuela were generally low, and social inequality in access to nutrition was high. Economists believe this policy increased shortages. In turn, the lack of dollars made it difficult to purchase more food imports. After his election in , more than , state-owned cooperatives—which claimed to represent some 1.

The Venezuelan government often failed to construct the number of homes they had proposed. In the first few years of Chavez's office, his newly created social programs required large payments to make the desired changes. Its creation was to control capital flight by placing limits on individuals and only offering them so much of a foreign currency.

This leads to businesses selling their goods and making a low profit. During the s and s there was a steady increase in crime in Latin America. The countries of Colombia, El Salvador, Venezuela, and Brazil all had homicide rates above the regional average. Jones and Dennis Rodgers stated in their book Youth violence in Latin America: Gangs and Juvenile Justice in Perspective that, "With the change of political regime in and the initiation of the Bolivarian Revolution , a period of transformation and political conflict began, marked by a further increase in the number and rate of violent deaths" showing that in four years, the murder rate had increased to 44 per , people.

The majority of the deaths occur in crowded slums in Caracas. In leaked government INE data for kidnappings in the year , the number of kidnappings were at an estimated 16,, contrasting the CICPCs number of only , [ ] before the Venezuelan government blocked the data. The report also stated that international organised crime filters between Colombia and Venezuela with assistance from "the highest spheres of government" in Venezuela, leading to higher rates of kidnapping, drug trafficking, and homicides.

Psiquiatra de hugo chavez biography

Carlos Nieto, head of Window to Freedom, alleged that heads of gangs acquire military weapons from the state, saying: "They have the types of weapons that can only be obtained by the country's armed forces. No one else has these. One prisoner explained how, "if the guards mess with us, we shoot them" and that he had "seen a man have his head cut off and people play football with it".

Edgardo Lander, a sociologist and professor at the Central University of Venezuela with a PhD in sociology from Harvard University, explained that Venezuelan prisons were "practically a school for criminals" since young inmates come out "trained and hardened" compared to before their incarceration. He also explained that prisons are controlled by gangs and that "very little has been done" to restrain their activities.

According to Bloomberg , he changed Venezuela from a democracy to "a largely authoritarian system". However, there were limits to his authoritarianism, and he thought of the electoral system as a key way to make himself more effective as a leader. He won the referendum by a huge margin. In Venezuela, voters touch a computer screen to cast their vote and then receive a paper receipt, which they verify and deposit in a ballot box.

This system makes vote-rigging nearly impossible: to steal the vote would require hacking the computers and then stuffing the ballot boxes to match the rigged vote. Beginning in , Venezuela's elections used biometric authentication to activate the voting machine. In Gallup Poll 's Corruption Index, Venezuela ranked 31st out of countries according to how widespread the population perceive corruption as being in the government and in business.

The index listed Venezuela as the second least corrupt nation in Latin America, behind Chile. Venezuela's trade unionists and indigenous communities participated in peaceful demonstrations intended to impel the government to facilitate labor and land reforms. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies IISS , "Chavez's government funded FARC 's office in Caracas and gave it access to Venezuela's intelligence services" and said that during the coup attempt that "FARC also responded to requests from [Venezuela's intelligence service] to provide training in urban terrorism involving targeted killings and the use of explosives".

The IISS continued saying that "the archive offers tantalizing but ultimately unproven suggestions that FARC may have undertaken assassinations of Chavez's political opponents on behalf of the Venezuelan state". Venezuelan diplomats denounced the IISS' findings saying that they had "basic inaccuracies". The International Labour Organization of the United Nations had also expressed concern over voters being pressured to join the party.

In , the Attorney General announced the creation of an investigative team to examine 6, reports of extrajudicial killings between and Gaer , noted that in "only 12 public officials have been convicted of human rights violations in the last decade when in the same period have been more than 5, complaints". Chavez's opposition to Zionism and close relations with Iran led to accusations of antisemitism.

He used state-run bodies to silence the media and to disseminate Bolivarian propaganda. Other actions included pressuring media organizations to sell to those related to his government or to face closure. In the group's Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders noted that "Venezuela is now among the region's worst press freedom offenders.

He also befriended pariah states such as Belarus and Iran. Relations thawed somewhat under President Barack Obama in June , only to steadily deteriorate once again shortly afterwards. He first wed Nancy Colmenares d. He intended at one time to become a priest. He saw his socialist policies as having roots in the teachings of Jesus Christ liberation theology , [ ] and he publicly used the slogan of "Christ is with the Revolution!

In , he said that an afterlife does not exist. Analysts theorized that he was suffering from colorectal cancer. At that time, some powers were delegated to cabinet ministers but he resisted requests by the opposition to give up all powers during his absence. This allowed the regime to survive, but not to thrive. Regime survival was purchased at the cost of policy immobilism.

And policy immobilism has left Venezuela with the deepest economic crisis in Venezuela's history. Please don't let me die' , because he loved his country, he sacrificed himself for his country". His death triggered a constitutional requirement that a presidential election be called within 30 days. Maduro, Chavez's vice president, was elected president on 14 April Contents move to sidebar hide.

Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. President of Venezuela from to See list. Nancy Colmenares. Lieutenant colonel Commander-in-chief. History Outline. French Revolution Revolutions of Socialist calculation debate Socialist economics. International socialist organizations Socialist parties.

Related topics. Related lists Category By country Socialists Songs. By region. Early life [ edit ]. Military career [ edit ]. Military academy [ edit ]. Early military career [ edit ]. Bolivarian Revolutionary Army [ edit ]. Political rise [ edit ]. Main article: Venezuelan presidential election. Presidency — [ edit ]. Further information: History of Venezuela —present.

First presidential term: 2 February — 10 January [ edit ]. Constitutional reform [ edit ]. Second presidential term: 10 January — 10 January [ edit ]. Coup, strikes and the recall referendum [ edit ]. Third presidential term: 10 January — 10 January [ edit ]. United Socialist Party of Venezuela and domestic policy [ edit ]. Fourth presidential term: 10 January — 5 March [ edit ].

Further information: Immediate Mobilization Networks. Political ideology [ edit ]. See also: Socialism of the 21st century. Opposition to capitalism and neoliberalism [ edit ]. Marxism and socialism [ edit ]. Bolivarianism [ edit ]. Main articles: Bolivarianism and Bolivarian Circles. Other influences [ edit ]. Promotion of conspiracy theories [ edit ].

Policy overview [ edit ]. Economic and social policy [ edit ]. Food and products [ edit ]. Communes [ edit ]. Currency controls [ edit ]. Crime and punishment [ edit ]. Further information: Crime in Venezuela. Prisons [ edit ]. Corruption [ edit ]. Further information: Corruption in Venezuela. Aiding FARC [ edit ]. Human rights [ edit ]. Further information: Human rights in Venezuela.

Criticisms [ edit ]. Allegations of antisemitism [ edit ]. Media and the press [ edit ]. Foreign policy [ edit ]. Personal life [ edit ]. Illness [ edit ]. Death [ edit ]. Honors and awards [ edit ]. Recognition [ edit ]. Honorary degrees [ edit ]. In popular culture [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ].

The Unraveling of Representative Democracy in Venezuela. ISBN Archived from the original on 8 October Archived from the original on 6 March Archived from the original on 5 December Retrieved 2 February March Retrieved 15 June El Nacional. Archived from the original on 24 April Retrieved 24 April Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 29 December The Economist.

Archived from the original on 25 August Retrieved 3 May Archived PDF from the original on 17 October National Geographic. Retrieved 2 October Foreign Policy. Retrieved 26 October Bloomberg L. Archived from the original on 7 November Retrieved 7 March El Universal. Archived from the original on 14 May Retrieved 25 February ISSN S2CID While indicators of income and consumption showed clear progress, the harder-to-change characteristics of structural poverty and inequality, such as the quality of housing, neighborhoods, education, and employment, remained largely unchanged.

El Universo in Spanish. Retrieved 16 July El Pais. Retrieved 3 February Retrieved 6 February Retrieved 10 May Retrieved 21 April Archived from the original on 22 April United Nations. Retrieved 24 October Retrieved 23 February Cambridge University Press.