St hildegard of bingen biography definition

Ordered by her confessor to write down the visions that she had received since the age of three, Hildegard took ten years to write her Scivias Know the Ways. Pope Eugene III read it, and in , encouraged her to continue writing. She wrote over letters to people who sought her advice; she also composed short works on medicine and physiology, and sought advice from contemporaries such as Saint Bernard of Clairvaux.

Virtuous living reduces the estrangement from God and others that sin causes. This unity was not apparent to many of her contemporaries. Hildegard was no stranger to controversy. The monks near her original foundation protested vigorously when she moved her monastery to Bingen, overlooking the Rhine River. She confronted Emperor Frederick Barbarossa for supporting at least three antipopes.

Hildegard challenged the Cathars, who rejected the Catholic Church claiming to follow a more pure Christianity. Hildegard also became an important person in the history of music. There are more chant compositions surviving by St. Hildegard than any other medieval composer. The last year of St. Hildegard's life was difficult for her and her convent.

Going against the wishes of diocesan authorities, Hildegard refused to remove the body of a young man buried in the cemetery attached to her convent. The boy had previously been excommunicated, but since he received his last sacraments before dying, Hildegard felt he had been reconciled to the Church. Her actions forced her convent to be placed under an interdict by the Bishop and chapter of Mainz.

Months would pass before the interdict was lifted and Hildegard died on September 17, , before the interdict was lifted. She was buried in the church of Rupertsburg.

St hildegard of bingen biography definition

When the convent was destroyed in , her relics were moved to Cologne and then to Eibingen. After her death, she became even more venerated than she was in her life. According to her biographer, Theodoric, she was always a saint and through her intercession, many miracles occurred. Hildegard became one of the first people the Roman canonization process was officially applied to.

It took quite some time in the beginning stages, so she remained beatified. Hildegard an equivalent canonization, and laid down the groundwork for naming her a Doctor of the Church. Mystics of the Church Pennsylvania: Morehouse Publishing, , p. Mystics of the Church Pennsylvania: Morehouse Publishing, , pp. Hildegard Von Bingen, 17 September".

Hildegard von Bingen, Saint of 17 September. Retrieved 28 October Guibert of Gembloux on Hildegard of Bingen". New York: Columbia University Press. The modern critical edition vols. Van Acker and M. The letters have been translated into English in three volumes: The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen , trans. Joseph L. Ehrman Oxford University Press, , , and Damals in German.

Ehrman Oxford University Press, , pp. Hozeski Oxford University Press , Retrieved 26 August Symphonia , ed. Barbara Newman 2nd Ed. Retrieved 14 May In Steven Okey and Katherine G. Schmidt, eds. Theology and Media tion NY: Orbis Books. Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 73 3 , pp. Project MUSE , doi The Oxford Companion to Beer. Old Time Makers of Medicine.

New York: Fordham University Press. Leiden: Brill. Accessed 7 May Newman, "Introduction" to Hildegard, Scivias , p. New York: Doubleday, University of South Carolina Press, , pp. Boston: Allyn Bacon, , pp. Visionary Women. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, Retrieved 2 February Retrieved 25 December Retrieved 3 April Hildegard through the Ages".

Benediktinerinnenabtei St. Retrieved 11 December Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 12 May Hildegard of Bingen: News Headlines". Hildegard, St. John of Avila". Catholic News Agency. The Church of England. Retrieved 15 June Retrieved 8 April Marilyn R. Dotterer and S. Bowers Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, , pp. Visionary Women Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, , pp.

Karmic Relationships, Vol. Return of Hildegard. Archived from the original on 19 March Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 8 June The Courier-Mail. Archived from the original on 13 July — via PressReader. Brooklyn Museum. Illuminations: A Novel of Hildegard von Bingen. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Meletemata Botanica.

Retrieved 25 October London: Picador. Retrieved 27 July Archived from the original on 17 October Retrieved 12 October Claudia Kishi, Middle-School Dropout. New York: Scholastic Publishers. Sources [ edit ]. Hamesse, D. Jacquart, Turnhout, Brepols, , p. Edited by Barbara Newman. XV, 3e et 4e trimestres , pp. Eine musikologische, theologische und kulturhistorische Untersuchung.

Hildegard von Bingen. Leben — Werk — Verehrung. Sister of Wisdom: St. Hildegard's Theology of the Feminine. Tugenden und Laster. Wegweisung im Dialog mit Hildegard von Bingen. Wege in sein Licht. Bennett, Judith M. Warren Hollister. Medieval Europe: A Short History. New York: McGraw-Hill, Boyce-Tillman, June. Butcher, Carmen Acevedo. Hildegard of Bingen: A Spiritual Reader.

Massachusetts: Paraclete Press, Davidson, Audrey Ekdahl. Dietrich, Julia. Molly Meijer Wertheimer. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, Fassler, Margot. Flanagan, Sabina. Hildegard of Bingen, — A Visionary Life. London: Routledge, Fox, Matthew. Illuminations of Hildegard of Bingen. New Mexico: Bear and Company, Furlong, Monica.

Visions and Longings: Medieval Women Mystics. Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications, Glaze, Florence Eliza. Holsinger, Bruce. California: Stanford University Press, A Companion to Hildegard of Bingen. Brill's companions to the Christian tradition. Leiden: Brill, Notes on Hildegard's "Unknown" Language and Writing. King-Lenzmeier, Anne.

Hildegard of Bingen: an integrated version. Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, Maddocks, Fiona. Madigan, Shawn. Minnesota: Augsburg Fortress, McGrade, Michael. Edited by Ludwig Fischer. Kassel, New York: Bahrenreiter, Newman, Barbara. Voice of the Living Light. California: University of California Press, Richert-Pfau, Marianne and Stefan Morent.

Hildegard von Bingen: Klang des Himmels. Koeln: Boehlau Verlag, Richert-Pfau, Marianne. Through this vision which touches my heart and soul like a burning flame, teaching me profundities of meaning, I have an inward understanding of the Psalter, the Gospels, and other volumes. Nevertheless, I do not receive this knowledge in German. Indeed, I have no formal training at all, for I know how to read only on the most elementary level, certainly with no deep analysis.

But please give me your opinion in this matter, because I am untaught and untrained in exterior material, but am only taught inwardly, in my spirit. Hence my halting, unsure speech …. Bernard, the most influential intellect of his day whose preaching launched crusades and spelled the demise of those who he considered impious, responded favorably.

Bernard also advanced her work at the behest of her abbot, Kuno, at the Synod of Trier in and When Hildegard's archbishop showed part of Scivias to Pope Eugenius, Bernard encouraged his fellow Cistercian to approve it. Eugenius then encouraged Hildegard to complete her writings. With papal support, Hildegard finished her Scivias in ten years and thus her importance spread throughout the region.

In , amid substantial opposition, Hildegard and 20 members of her community left their former community to establish a new monastery for women, Saint Rupertsberg at Bingen on a mountaintop near the Rhine in , where she became abbess. Archbishop Henry of Mainz consecrated the abbey church in Fifteen years later, she founded a daughter-house across the Thine at Eibingen.

Many people from all parts of Germany sought her advice and wisdom both in corporal and spiritual ailments. Hildegard traveled to both of the houses of Disenberg and Eibingen and to Ingelheim to see Emperor Frederick. From her letters at least four popes and ten archbishops corresponded with her. As well as ten bishops, 21 abbesses and 38 abbots, and a hundred others.

Even the renowned Jewish scholar at Mainz would visit her and challenge her knowledge on the Old Testament. Most noteworthy, was that the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I , Barbarossa "Redbeard" in Italian, king of Italy and Burgundy, and the German King sought out Hildegard as an adviser, although he didn't follow her advice to desist his efforts to undermine Pope Alexander III, until he was soundly defeated by the Pope's forces in Many abbots and abbesses asked her for prayers and opinions on various matters.

Unique for a women, she traveled widely during her four preaching tours lasting over 13 years which she completed in , at age 73, the only woman to have done so during the Middle Ages see Scivias, tr. Hart, Bishop, Newman. She visited both men's and women's monasteries and urban Cathedrals to preach to both religious and secular clergy. Her longtime secretary, Volmer, died in , yet she continued to write even after Hildegard was one of the first souls for which the canonization process was officially applied, but the process took so long that four attempts at canonization the last was in , under Pope Innocent IV were not completed, and she remained at the level of her beatification.

She has been referred to as a saint by some, with miracles being attributed to her, particularly in contemporary Rhineland, Germany. When they began to codify, between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries, they did not go back and apply any official process to those persons who were already widely recognized and venerated. So many quite famous, ancient, and even non-existent saints who have had feast days and devotions since the apostolic era were never canonized per se.

A vita an official record of one's life of Hildegard was written by two monks, Godfrid and Theodoric Patrologia Latina vol. Hildegard's name was taken up in the Roman martyrology at the end of the sixteenth century. Her feast day is September Approximately 80 of Hildegard's compositions have survived, which is one of the largest repertoires among medieval composers.